Lining method and system for high temperature spaces

ABSTRACT

A procedure for lining spaces with high temperatures, in which the surfaces of the space are lined with fibrous lining material in which the fibers are mainly parallel with planes at right angles against the surface of the space. In the procedure, loose, separate, plate-like fiber strips (1) are used which are disposed side-by-side relative to each other in an installation position to form a transport/application package (2). A fixing compound (3) is applied as a layer upon the edges of the side-by-side strips advantageously over the whole area of one strip layer (4) of the transport/application package. From the package is taken a suitable bunch of strips treated with fixing compound, this bunch being pressed onto the surface of the space at the point of installation and compressed to suitable compactness. The whole surface to be treated is lined, one bunch at a time with fiber strips treated with fixing compound, the bunches being of suitable size depending on the size and shape of the object of installation.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention concerns a procedure for lining spaces with hightemperatures and a system for lining spaces with high temperatures.

The state of art in the field of the present invention in presented inthe Finnish Patent 86668 and in the published applications DE 2709958and DE 3533982. The procedures and systems of prior art are based onvarious modules and elements of standard size, which are suitablycemented, or in any other way attached, to the surface being lined.Since the surfaces which are lined are of greatly varying shapes inindividual instances, one is invariably compelled to cut and shape theelements and modules. The manufacturing costs of different elements andmodules are also rather high, particularly when they have to be producedin different sizes and shapes to suit different applications.Furthermore, the prior art suffers from the drawback of inconvenientrepairability and serviceability of the structures because the entireelement or module has to be replaced if part of it is damaged.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The object of the intention is to eliminate the drawbacks mentionedabove. Specifically, the object of the invention is to disclose a novelprocedure and system for lining spaces with high temperatures by the aidof which the lining work is fast, flexible and simple, independent ofthe dimensions and shapes of the surface which is being lined, in whichthe material cost is substantially lower than in prior art, and in whichthe repair and service operations are simple and easy to implement.

Regarding the features characterizing the invention, reference is madeto the claims section.

In the procedure for lining spaces with high temperatures of theinvention the most essential feature is that no solid, large fiber stripbunches or other elements are used, but instead loose, separate andplate-like fiber strips are used, which are disposed side by side withreference to each other in installation position to form atransport/application package. This enables the fixing compound to beapplied as a layer on the edges of mutually adjacent fiber strips,advantageously in one run on the whole area of one fiber layer in thetransport/application package, whereby it becomes possible to take ofthe fibers treated with fixing compound in each case an appropriatebunch of required size, which is pressed to adherence to the surface ofthe space at the point of installation and pressed down to desiredcompactness. In this way, in the procedure of the invention, dependingon size and shape of the object of installation, from thetransport/application package is in each instance taken a bunch ofsuitable size of the fiber strips treated with fixing compound and theseare pressed onto the surface to be lined, at the desired point.

The system of the invention comprises transport/application packages offibrous lining material strips in which the loose and separate fiberstrips are packed tightly side by side to constitute a top surface ofthe package which is coherent of its edges and level, this surfaceconstituting the mating surface for the space to be processed by lining.Hereby, application of the fixing compound on the top surface of thepackage enables the strips to be taken from the package in suitablebatches, of freely selectable size, and lifted out and affixed to thesurface of the space to be treated which has to be lined.

It is thus understood that in the procedure and system of the inventionthe transport/application packages are conveyed directly to the mountingsite, where they are opened and cementing mortar or equivalent fixingagent is applied directly on the edge surface of the fiber strips in thepackage, the treated fiber strips being affixed in suitable bunchesdirectly to the object of installation.

The procedure and system of the invention enable a highly flexible andfast lining process in which the need of cutting and shaping the liningmaterial at the site of installation has been minimized. Furthermore,repair and servicing operations are simple in the system because largeelements or modules need never be removed from the lined surfaces: it ismerely necessary to remove any damaged strips and to replace them. Incomparison with techniques of prior art, the procedure and system of theinvention are appropriate, owing to their versatility and flexibility,to be applied in all applications: it reacts elastically to thermalexpansion and suffers no heat damage, its mechanical strength both incontact and in gas flows is good, the convenience, fastness and easefrom the professional viewpoint of its installation are in a class oftheir own, it requires no special tools and it is moreover competitiveas to its price.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING

The other advantages and various practical applications of the inventionwill become apparent from the following description, in which theinvention is described in detail, referring to the attached drawings,wherein

FIG. 1 presents a fiber strip such as is used in the invention,

FIG. 2 presents the transport/application package of the invention,

FIG. 3 shows the transport/application package of FIG. 2 in use,

FIG. 4 shows the base element used in the invention,

FIG. 5 shot the use of the base element of FIG. 4,

FIG. 6 presents a sectional view of a lining construction according tothe invention,

FIG. 7 presents a sectional view of another lining constructionaccording to the invention,

FIG. 8 presents a sectional view of a third lining constructionaccording to the invention,

FIG. 9 shows a finished surface lined as taught by the invention, and

FIG. 10 shows another finished surface lined as taught by the invention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

FIG. 1 depicts the basic element used in the invention, i.e., one fiberstrip 1 which is a body with the form of a rectangular parallelepipedonof e.g. 300, 450 or 600 mm length, 50 or 100 mm height and 10, 15 or 20mm breadth consisting of fibrous insulating material, appropriate ineach particular case.

As depicted in FIGS. 2 and 3, the fiber strips 1 are packed to form atransport/application package 2 in which the fiber strips, packedtightly side by side, form uniform fiber strip layers 4. The package maycontain one or several courses, such as three courses in the embodimentof the figure. Advantageously, when the package comprises several fiberstrip courses, at least one side 17 of the package can be opened so thatat least one edge of the strip courses is exposed. Furthermore,advantageously, on the package have been provided dimensional markings18, by the aid of which it is easy to take from the package fiber stripbunches of a given size, without separate measurement.

As can be seen in FIG. 3, the fiber strip packages 2 are used by openingthe package at least on the top side and by applying, at the immediatesite of installation, on the top surface of the package a suitablefixing compound 3, advantageously over the entire top surface of thepackage, or over the topmost fiber strip course. Hereafter the top layercan be used by taking from it a fiber strip bunch of proper size in eachinstance and this can be pressed onto the surface which is being lined,at the desired point and in desired position. It is thus obvious that Inthe procedure and system of the invention no separate mounting tables orpremises are required for material cutting or fixing compound handling:minor cutting operations that may be required, or shaping of the fibers,can be carried out in the fiber strip packing or not until at the placeof installation, all wasting of material remaining minimal.

In FIG. 4 is depicted a net-like base element 6, which can be used asmounting base for the fiber strips when the fibers cannot be attacheddirectly to the surface which is being lined. In that case a baseelement 6, consisting of metal netting and having on its upper margin aperpendicular reinforcing flange 19 extending over its entire length, isaffixed in any suitable way, e.g. by welding or bolting, to the basicstructure, and the fiber strips are fixed upon the net.

It is equally conceivable that on the rear face of the base element 6 isattached a steel plate 8, which can then be welded to a suitableframework 9, as in FIG. 5. The steel plate will thus constitute theouter wall of the space that is being lined.

In FIG. 6 is depicted a lining construction according to the invention,wherein to the inner surface 20 of the space to be lined have first beenattached plate-like base elements 6. To these elements has with asuitable fixing compound 3 been fixed a first fiber strip course 13,with the fibers substantially parallelling planes which are at rightangles against the surface which is being lined. This first course 13 iscomparatively thick and its heat resistance may be comparatively low.Upon the first course has been fixed with fixing compound 3 a second,somewhat thinner fiber strip course 12, which has higher resistance toheat than the first course, and upon this course is fixed a third fiberstrip course 11, so selected as to its properties that it will withstandeven the highest temperatures occurring in the space which is beinglined.

In addition, mechanical auxiliary fixing members 10 have been providedin the insulation structure and fixed to the base element 6, thesemembers extending through all three insulating layers and ensuringadherence of the insulating layers to the base element, The constructionalso includes supports 14 extending through the insulating layer, fromwhich e.g. electrical resistances 15 can be suspended. Advantageously,the supports rest on stays 16 consisting e.g. of refractory bricks,carried by the outermost insulating layer 11. This prevents the supports14 from subsiding under the weight of the electrical resistances 15 anddamaging the insulating material.

In FIG. 7 is depicted another insulating structure according to theinvention, wherein to the inner surface 21 of the space to be treatedhas first been attached a conventional mineral wool layer 22, andthereupon, two layers 11 and 12 of different thickness, which are fiberstrip insulating courses according to the invention. This structure,too, comprises mechanical auxiliary fixing members 10 extending throughthe whole insulation thickness, by which the insulating materials arebraced to the supporting structure of the space which is being lined.

FIG. 8 depicts a third lining structure according to the invention, inwhich on the surface to be lined has first been installed a mineral woollayer 23, and upon this has been built a brick cladding 24 of refractorybricks. To this brick surface has been attached with fixing compound 3,for topmost insulating layer 11, a fiber strip course according to theinvention. The fiber strip course has furthermore been coated with asurface layer 7, consisting of suitable refractory compound.

In FIG. 9 is presented a finished lining construction implemented astaught by the invention, wherein the lining of a varying andmulti-formed surface has been implemented using fiber strips of only twodifferent lengths but of the same thickness and breadth. In thisembodiment the first fiber strips 25 are e.g. 300 mm in length and theother type of fiber strips 26 is 50% longer, i.e., 450 mm.

In this embodiment around the aperture 27, short and long fiber stripshave been used alternatingly one bunch at a time, so that the bordersaround the aperture become linked in a tight corner joint. Moreover,mechanical auxiliary fixing members 10 have been used in the marginalareas around the aperture, by which retention in their place of theinsulating layers has been ensured. On the smooth wall surface theshorter fiber strip length has mainly been used, every time one bunch ofstrips with a breadth equalling the length of the fiber strip beingfixed to the surface which is being lined, and thereafter one strip 28transversel to the strips in the bunch being mounted on the end of thestrip bunch, this strip 28 serving to seal and straighten the packageconstituted by the strips, and to equalize the thermal movements in thestructure.

In FIG. 10 is presented a structural design according to the inventionfor insulating round-shaped surfaces. Since the individual, andseparate, fiber strips are comparatively small, even a round-shapedsurface can be lined for the greater part with whole fiber strips, whilea minor part only have to be carved and cut off in order to fill everycavity.

In the foregoing the invention has been described by way of example withthe aid of the attached drawing, while various embodiments of theinvention are feasible within the scope of the inventive idea delimitedby the claims.

I claim:
 1. A process for lining a surface defining a space in whichhigh temperatures are present, said method comprising the stepsof:forming a plurality of plate-shaped, fiber batts (1) suitable forcomprising incremental portions of the surface lining, each of the battshaving a pair of spaced side surfaces with edge surfaces extendingbetween said side surfaces around the perimeter of the batt, the fibersof the batt lying generally parallel to the side surfaces of the batt;arranging pluralities of the fiber batts to form parallelepipedaltransport/application packages (2), the batts of each package beingarranged and retained in side-by-side relation with the side surfaces ofthe batts abutting to form at least one row of batts; applying a fixingcompound (3) to a package of batts, the fixing compound being applied tothe exposed edge surfaces of the batts lying in one of the exteriorplanes of the parallelepipedal transport/application package; dividingand removing from a package a portion of the row of batts, said portioncomprising a plurality of contiguous batts the number of which isselected in accordance with the configuration of a portion of thesurface to be lined; pressing the edge surfaces of the removed battscontaining the fixing compound on the portion of the surface being linedto adhere the batts to the portion of the surface being lined with theside surfaces of the batts positioned at generally right angles to thesurface being lined, the removed batts forming incremental portions ofthe surface lining; and repeating the applying and pressing steps, aswell as the dividing and removing steps as required, until the surfaceis lined with the plate-shaped fiber batts.
 2. The process according toclaim 1 wherein the removed batts are adhered directly to the surfacebeing lined by the fixing compound.
 3. The process according to claim 1further including the step of placing a base sheet in the form of a net(6) adjacent the edge surfaces of the batts to which the fixing compoundis applied and along the surface being lined, and wherein the pressingstep is further defined as pressing the surfaces of the removed battscontaining the fixing compound on the base sheet.
 4. The processaccording to claim 1 wherein the step of applying the fixing compound isfurther defined as applying a fixing compound to the entirety of saidexposed surfaces in said one exterior plane.
 5. The process according toclaim 1 wherein the arranging step is further defined as arranging theplurality of fiber batts to form parallelepipedal transport/applicationpackages having a plurality of adjacent rows of batts.
 6. The processaccording to claim 5 wherein the arranging step is further defined asarranging the rows of batts to form side-by-side rows of batts.
 7. Theprocess according to claim 5 wherein the arranging step is furtherdefined as arranging the batts to form a stack of rows of batts.
 8. Theprocess according to claim 6 wherein the arranging step is furtherdefined as arranging the batts to form a stack of side-by-side rows ofbatts.
 9. The process according to claim 1 further including the step ofplacing a wrapper around a plurality of batts to retain the batts in atransport/application package.
 10. The process according to claim 1wherein the pressing step is further defined as compressing the removedbatts to a desired degree of compactness.
 11. The process according toclaim 1 wherein the lining of batts formed by the steps of the processcomprises a first layer of fiber batts and wherein the process includesthe further steps of dividing and removing from a transport/applicationpackage a portion of a row of batts comprising a plurality of contiguousbatts the number of which is selected in accordance with theconfiguration of a portion of an exposed surface of the first layer ofbatts, and pressing the surfaces of the removed batts containing thefixing compound on the portion of the exposed surface of the first layerof batts to adhere the batts to the exposed surface of the first layerof batts, and repeating the applying and pressing steps, as well as thedividing and removing steps as required, until the exposed surface ofthe first layer of batts is lined with a second layer of plate-shapedfiber batts.
 12. The process according to claim 1 further including thestep of applying a protective face layer (7) to exposed surfaces of theplate-shaped fiber batts forming the surface lining.
 13. The processaccording to claim 11 further defined as including the step of providinga protective facing layer to exposed surfaces of said second layer ofplate-shaped fiber batts.
 14. An article of manufacture for use inlining a surface defining a space in which high temperatures arepresent, said article of manufacture comprising:a plurality ofplate-shaped, fiber batts (1) suitable for comprising incrementalportions of the surface lining, each of the batts having a pair ofspaced side surfaces with edge surfaces extending between said sidesurfaces around the perimeter of the batt, the fibers of the batt lyinggenerally parallel to the side surfaces of the batt; a plurality of saidfiber batts being arranged to form a parallelepipedaltransport/application unit, the batts of said unit being arranged inside-by-side relation with the side surfaces of the batts abutting toform at least one row of batts having an axis extending normal to saidabutting side surfaces; and a wrapper surrounding a plurality of theexposed surfaces of said parallelepipedal transport/application unit toform a transport/application package, said wrapper having a portionlying on a surface of said transport/application package that liesparallel to said axis, said portion being openable to expose edgesurfaces of said batts and to facilitate removal of a portion of a rowformed of a contiguous plurality of batts from the package, said portionof said wrapper having dimensional markings spaced in a directionparallel to said axis and visible when said portion is open to assist indetermining the size of the portion of the row of batts to be removedfrom the package.